Data InsightsMulti-Source Reasoning

Free GMAT Multi-Source Reasoning Practice Question

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From: Sam Devlin, QA Manager To: Plant leadership Subject: Q2 defect-rate review, read the sampling rule first

The raw defect counts below look alarming for Line C, but before anyone reacts: our inspection sampling is NOT uniform across lines or shifts. The defect rate you care about is defects per thousand inspected units, and how many we inspect depends on the sampling rule (separate card). Comparing raw defect counts across lines without normalizing by units inspected is the classic error.

What I need: the line and shift with the highest true defect rate once the sampling rule is applied, and whether the headline Line C is our worst line claim survives normalization.

Applying the sampling rule, which line and shift had the highest defect rate (defects per 1,000 units inspected) in Q2?

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Answer & Explanation

Correct answer

A

Inspected = produced × sampling rate; defect rate = (defects ÷ inspected) × 1,000.

A Day: 4,000 inspected, rate 6.0. A Night: 4,000, rate 7.5. B Day: 1,500 inspected, rate 12.0. B Night: 4,500, rate 6.0. C Day: 10,000, rate 6.0. C Night: 5,000, rate 9.0. Highest is Line B, Day at 12.0 per 1,000 inspected.

The headline Line C is worst collapses: C Day is only 6.0 because its 20 percent sampling rate inflates the denominator. The winning cell (B Day) is unremarkable in raw counts and only surfaces after dividing by the 5 percent rate.